Topic 2: The Universal Hero
Heracles/Hercules - The greatest hero of the ancient world
J199/11 - GCSE Classical Civilisation
Learning Objectives
By the end of this topic, you will be able to:
- Define what makes a hero in ancient mythology and how heroes differ from gods and mortals
- Explain the birth, early life, and tragic circumstances that led to Heracles' labours
- Identify and describe all twelve labours and their representation at Olympia
- Analyse Heracles' role as founder of the Olympic Games and his importance in Greek religion
- Evaluate the Homeric Hymn to Heracles and its religious significance
- Understand how Heracles embodied both heroic and divine aspects in ancient worship
Prescribed Source
Homeric Hymn 15: To Heracles the Lion-Hearted
This brief but powerful hymn captures Heracles' complete journey from mortal struggle to divine happiness. Despite being only eight lines long, it perfectly encapsulates his transformation from suffering hero to blessed god, showing why he became the most beloved figure in ancient religion.
Choose Your Topic
The Nature of Heroes
Discover what defines a hero in ancient mythology and how heroes bridge the gap between mortals and immortals.
Covers: Hero definition, divine parentage vs mortality, kleos (glory), hero cults, apotheosis, heroes vs gods vs mortals
Birth and Early Life
Discover Heracles' divine origins, Hera's jealousy, and the tragic events that led to his need for redemption.
Covers: Zeus and Alcmene, Hera's persecution, infant serpents, education, madness of Heracles, murder of family
The Twelve Labours
Examine all twelve labours, their representation at Olympia, and Heracles as founder of the Olympic Games.
Covers: All 12 labours in detail, Temple of Zeus metopes, Olympic Games foundation, symbolism and geography
Heracles in Greek Religion
Analyse the Homeric Hymn and explore Heracles' unique status as both hero and god in Greek worship.
Covers: Homeric Hymn analysis, dual nature (hero/god), religious significance, worship practices, cultural impact
