Why This Page Matters

Cicero's career is the lens through which we see the late Republic most clearly. As a novus homo — the first man in his family to reach the Senate, let alone the consulship — he has to fight harder than anyone for his position. His weapon is oratory. His political vision — concordia ordinum, harmony between Senate and equestrian order — represents the Republic's best hope for survival through consensus rather than force. But his consulship in 63 BC, while his greatest triumph, also plants the seeds of his later destruction.

novus homo concordia ordinum cum dignitate otium senatus consultum ultimum pater patriae coniuratio