A Passage to Africa - George Alagiah
Extract from television reporter's memoir about the war in Somalia
[1]
I saw a thousand hungry, lean, scared and betrayed faces as I criss-crossed Somalia between the end of 1991 and December 1992,
but there is one I will never forget.
[2]
I was in a little hamlet just outside Gufgaduud, a village in the back of beyond,
a place the aid agencies had yet to reach.
In my notebook I had jotted down instructions on how to get there.
'Take the Badale Road for a few kilometres till the end of the tarmac, turn right on to a dirt track, stay on it for about forty-five minutes — Gufgaduud. Go another fifteen minutes approx. —
like a ghost village.' ...
[3]
In the ghoulish manner of journalists on the hunt for the most striking pictures,
my cameraman ... and I tramped from one hut to another.
What might have appalled us when we'd started our trip just a few days before no longer impressed us much.
The search for the shocking is like the craving for a drug: you require heavier and more frequent doses the longer you're at it.
Pictures that stun the editors one day are written off as the same old stuff the next.
This sounds callous, but it is just a fact of life.
It's how we collect and compile the images that so move people in the comfort of their sitting rooms back home.
[4]
There was Amina Abdirahman, who had gone out that morning in search of wild, edible roots, leaving her two young girls lying on the dirt floor of their hut.
They had been sick for days, and were reaching the final,
1
enervating
stages of terminal hunger.
Habiba was ten years old and her sister, Ayaan, was nine.
By the time Amina returned, she had only one daughter.
Habiba had died.
No rage, no whimpering, just a passing away —
that simple, frictionless, motionless deliverance from a state of half-life to death itself.
It was, as I said at the time in my dispatch, a vision of 'famine away from the headlines, a famine of quiet suffering and lonely death'.
[5]
There was the old woman who lay in her hut, abandoned by relations who were too weak to carry her on their journey to find food.
It was the smell that drew me to her doorway: the smell of decaying flesh.
Where her shinbone should have been there was a festering wound the size of my hand.
She'd been shot in the leg as the retreating army of the deposed dictator ... took revenge on whoever it found in its way.
The shattered leg had fused into the gentle V-shape of a boomerang.
It was rotting; she was rotting.
You could see it in her sick, yellow eyes and smell it in the putrid air she recycled with every struggling breath she took.
[6]
And then there was the face I will never forget.
[7]
My reaction to everyone else I met that day was a mixture of pity and revulsion.
Yes, revulsion.
The degeneration of the human body, sucked of its natural vitality by the twin evils of hunger and disease, is a disgusting thing.
We never say so in our TV reports. It's a taboo that has yet to be breached.
To be in a feeding centre is to hear and smell the excretion of fluids by people who are beyond controlling their bodily functions.
To be in a feeding centre is
2
surreptitiously
to wipe your hands on the back of your trousers after you've held the clammy palm of a mother who has just cleaned vomit from her child's mouth.
[8]
There's pity, too,
because even in this state of utter despair they aspire to a dignity that is almost impossible to achieve.
An old woman will cover her shrivelled body with a soiled cloth as your gaze turns towards her.
Or the old and dying man who keeps his hoe next to the mat with which, one day soon, they will shroud his corpse,
as if he means to go out and till the soil once all this is over.
[9]
I saw that face for only a few seconds,
a fleeting meeting of eyes before the face turned away, as its owner retreated into the darkness of another hut.
In those brief moments there had been a smile, not from me, but from the face.
It was not a smile of greeting, it was not a smile of joy — how could it be? — but it was a smile nonetheless.
It touched me in a way I could not explain. It moved me in a way that went beyond pity or revulsion.
[10]
What was it about that smile? I had to find out.
I urged my translator to ask the man why he had smiled. He came back with an answer.
'It's just that he was embarrassed to be found in this condition,' the translator explained.
And then it clicked.
That's what the smile had been about.
It was the feeble smile that goes with apology, the kind of smile you might give if you felt you had done something wrong.
[11]
Normally
3
inured
to stories of suffering, accustomed to the evidence of deprivation,
I was unsettled by this one smile in a way I had never been before.
There is an unwritten code between the journalist and his subjects in these situations. The journalist observes, the subject is observed. The journalist is active, the subject is passive.
But this smile had turned the tables on that tacit agreement.
Without uttering a single word, the man had posed a question that cut to the heart of the relationship between me and him, between us and them, between the rich world and the poor world.
If he was embarrassed to be found weakened by hunger and ground down by conflict, how should I feel to be standing there so strong and confident?
[12]
I resolved there and then that
I would write the story of Gufgaduud with all the power and purpose I could muster.
It seemed at the time, and still does, the only adequate answer a reporter can give to the man's question.
[13]
I have one regret about that brief encounter in Gufgaduud.
Having searched through my notes and studied the dispatch that the BBC broadcast,
I see that I never found out what the man's name was.
Yet meeting him was a seminal moment in the gradual collection of experiences we call context.
Facts and figures are the easy part of journalism. Knowing where they sit in the great scheme of things is much harder.
So, my nameless friend, if you are still alive, I owe you one.
Overall PAVLS Analysis
Click each element below to explore how Alagiah uses these techniques throughout the passage
P
Purpose
A
Audience
V
Voice
L
Language
S
Structure
Purpose - Why Alagiah Wrote This
Alagiah's purposes evolve through the passage:
To expose the reality of famine:
"famine away from the headlines, a famine of quiet suffering and lonely death" - Shows suffering beyond media coverage
To challenge Western perceptions:
"The man had posed a question...between the rich world and the poor world" - Questions power dynamics
To humanise victims:
"they aspire to a dignity that is almost impossible to achieve" - Shows their humanity despite conditions
Audience - Who He's Writing For
Alagiah addresses multiple audiences:
Western TV viewers:
"people in the comfort of their sitting rooms back home" - Those who consume news from safety
Fellow journalists:
"There is an unwritten code between the journalist and his subjects" - Industry insiders who understand the process
Those seeking truth beyond headlines:
"Facts and figures are the easy part of journalism" - Readers wanting deeper understanding
Voice - How His Tone Changes
Notice Alagiah's evolving voice:
Professional reporter:
"In the ghoulish manner of journalists" - Self-aware, critical of his profession
Brutally honest:
"Yes, revulsion" - Admits uncomfortable truths
Humbled and changed:
"I was unsettled by this one smile" - Vulnerable, reflective
Grateful student:
"So, my nameless friend, if you are still alive, I owe you one" - Acknowledges learning from subject
Language - Technical Choices
Alagiah's language creates powerful effects:
Accumulation of adjectives:
"hungry, lean, scared and betrayed faces" - Overwhelming list shows scale
Metaphors:
"The search for the shocking is like the craving for a drug" - Addiction metaphor for desensitisation
Sensory imagery:
"sick, yellow eyes and smell it in the putrid air" - Visceral descriptions
Oxymoron:
"simple, frictionless, motionless deliverance" - Death described with gentle words
Structure - How It's Organised
The passage's structure creates meaning:
Frame narrative:
Opens with "one I will never forget" and closes with "my nameless friend" - Circular structure
Building examples:
Amina's story → Old woman → The smile - Escalating emotional impact
Pivotal moment:
"And then there was the face I will never forget" - Short paragraph for emphasis
Power reversal:
"But this smile had turned the tables" - Structural shift in power dynamics
Alagiah's Journey: From Observer to Changed Man
Hardened Reporter
Desensitised, hunting for images
V
L
Witnessing Horror
Recording death and suffering
P
L
S
The Smile
Moment of human connection
V
S
Transformed
Understanding and debt
P
V
A